First, electricity is a secondary energy source, meaning it is generated from the conversion of primary. An electric vehicle uses a battery to store electrical energy that is ready to use. A battery electric vehicle bev is a vehicle that is powered by electricity stored on the vehicle in a battery through the use of. Electric vehicles ev, including battery electric vehicle bev. From electric motors to batteries, we take you through the anatomy of an electric car, and explain how it works. Ev power systems motors and controllers the power system of an electric vehicle consists of just two components. Some vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive and regeneration functions. Learn more about our residential and commercial charging stations today. Cheng 2009 discussed the recent development in the electric vehicles in the asian countries discussing the electric power.
The total fuel efficiency during the cycle process in alair electric vehicles. With the recent introduction of the chevrolet volt and the nissan leaf, manufacturers of electric vehicles have made great strides in terms. Ppt electric vehicles 101 powerpoint presentation free to. Ppt electric vehicles 101 powerpoint presentation free. In comparison, the power system of gasolinepowered vehicles consists of a number of components, such as the. If it automatically stopsstarts the engine in stopandgo traffic uses regenerative braking and operates above 60 volts uses an electric motor to assist a. Thus, an electric car that derives its power from an onboard battery.
A comprehensive study of key electric vehicle ev components. The following work aims at simplifying the calculations required to decide the capacity of the motor that should be used to drive a vehicle of particular specifications. What is the difference between an electric vehicle and a hybrid. Power management in electric vehicle has been revolutionized since the old power structure introduced with first evs.
Thus, an electric car that derives its power from an onboard battery pack is a form of battery electric vehicle bev. Iahev tasks 3 task 1 information exchange 25 4 task 10 electrochemical systems 29 5 task 15 plugin hybrid electric vehicles 33 6 task 17 electric vehicle system integration 46 7 task 18 electric vehicle ecosystems 50 8 task 19 life cycle assessment for. Apr 08, 2019 and with electric car sales growing by 81 percent from 2017 to 2018, it seems electric cars could be the norm sooner rather than later. A battery pack is made up of a number of cells that are grouped into modules.
The introduction of electric cars has proved that they are very much environmental friendly and less pollute compared to gas cars. In order to get a feeling for how electric cars work in general, lets start by looking at a typical electric car to see how it comes together. An electric vehicle may be powered through a collector system by electricity from offvehicle sources. Furthermore, understanding how an electric vehicle works is actually much simpler than understanding how a gas or dieselpowered car works.
Comparison between electric cars and gasoline cars. Several manufacturers have electric vehicle programs in the works. An electric vehicle may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off vehicle sources, or may be selfcontained with a battery, solar panels or an electric generator to convert fuel to electricity. Using power from the traction battery pack, this motor drives the vehicles wheels. It is estimated that 25% of the total cars across the world will run on electricity by 2025. A battery electric vehicle bev is a vehicle that is powered by electricity stored on the vehicle in a battery through the use of one or more electric motors electric vehicles include hybrids as. And with electric car sales growing by 81 percent from 2017 to 2018, it seems electric cars could be the norm sooner rather than later. An electric motor creates rotational, or circular, motion. The dp has highest system efficiency and lowest energy consumption.
Analysis of the electric vehicle industry primary authors jennifer todd is an economic development associate at iedc. Feb 25, 2015 compared to a battery electric vehicle, this extends the total driving range but lowers the allelectric range. This is the usual way of operating around the city, as. Hybrid and electric vehicle technologies and programmes, functions within a framework created by the international energy agency iea. The vehicle uses a large traction battery pack to power the electric motor and must be plugged in to a charging station or wall outlet to charge. Electric vehicle ev contactors primarily act as the main contactors in electric vehicle drive circuits in all sizeable electric vehicles. Mar 15, 2020 drivers of other electric or pluginhybrid vehicles that use the j1772 plug e. The growth in electric vehicles evs and hybrid electric vehicles hevs is climbing and by 2025, evs and hevs will account for an estimated 30% of all vehicle sales. Nov 21, 2019 today, there are more than 21,000 different public electric vehicle charging locations.
Hybrid electric vehicles are powered by an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, which uses energy stored in batteries. The beginners guide to electric vehicles ev plug in bc. This is the usual way of operating around the city, as well as in reverse gear, since during reverse gear the speed is limited. An electric vehicle may be powered through a collector system by electricity from offvehicle sources, or may be selfcontained with a battery, solar panels or a generator to convert fuel to. Rt regional transit sac ev sacramento ev association. Machine design, mechanical engineering design, etc. It has two fundamental characteristics that differentiate it from other fuel. A hybrid electric vehicle cannot be plugged in to charge the battery. These noisefree, pollutionfree and highperformance vehicles are expected to. Jess chen is a research fellow and a phd candidate at american university.
A gasoline electric hybrid car or hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. Jan 03, 2019 machine design elements and assemblies pdf michael spektor industrial press, inc. Electric cars are poised to become a major part of the transportation ecosystem, particularly in developed economies however, those consumers also demand efficient heating and. Warfield electric see performance curve in appendix 1. Up to speeds of usually 40 kmh, the electric motor works with only the energy of the batteries, which are not recharged by the ice. The armature holds the rest of the components and is also the part of the motor that spins. Around the armature is the stator, which holds insulated coils of wire, usually copper. How electric vehicles work the technology underlying an ev. Acceleration, electric vehicle, grade ability, motor, speed, torque, traction. The combustion engine works as a backup when the batteries are. Frankie clogston is an iedc consultant and a phd candidate at johns hopkins university.
Hybrid electric vehicles, commonly called hybrids, are powered by a combination of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. Other technologies such as vehicle to grid, vehicle to home, solar charging of electric vehicle, etc. Electric vehicles evs are still cars, and anyone who has driven an automatic vehicle will feel immediately at home. With regenerative brakes, on the other hand, the system that drives the vehicle does the majority of the braking. The main contactors function is to open under a potential short circuit load up to 3000a or more making the motor drive electronics as safe as possible. Pdf background electric vehicles have been identified as being a key technology in reducing future. Fuel cell electric vehicles convert hydrogen gas into electricity to power an electric motor and. Lithium ion can store more energy while being smaller and lighter than leadacid batteries the type of battery. Electric cars are making big waves in the automobile world. Electric vehicles have become one of the hot topics of discussion in todays reality.
How electric vehicles work the technology underlying an. Pdf electric vehicle pdf download basics of electric. Motor torque calculations for electric vehicle saurabh chauhan abstract. General motors produced the first modern electric automobile in 1996. Today, it can be powered either by a single or a combination of multiple sources and driven by a single or a combination of multiple algorithms. The vehicle uses a large traction battery pack to power the electric motor and. Each type of vehicle works in a different way and has its own advantages and disadvantages. Tesla electric vehicle tech explained video posted on june 06, 2017 by charles morris. Electric vehicles 101 a free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Pdf overview of electric vehicle concept and power. Allelectric vehicles evs have an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine. Most cities operate hybrid buses that combine electric battery operation with backup power from diesel, gasoline or another source. The jaguar ipace, for example, has two electric motors and fourwheel drive, while the nissan leaf features one electric motor and is frontwheel drive. Nov 07, 2017 liion the majority of bevs use lithium ion liion batteries for the battery pack.
The armature holds the rest of the components and is also the part of the motor. Conventional hybrids, which cant be plugged in, arent considered electric vehicles. Lithium ion can store more energy while being smaller and lighter than leadacid batteries the type of battery in a regular car, and are more readily available than nimh nicklemetal hydride batteries. An electric vehicle, also called an ev, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion.
Liion the majority of bevs use lithium ion liion batteries for the battery pack. In hybrid electric vehicle the engine is the final source of the energy used to power the car. Battery electric vehicle, drive cycles, electric motor, sizing, energy. Instead, the battery is charged through regenerative braking and by the internal combustion engine. May 21, 20 electric vehicles take many forms and have many different technologies in them, but there are some basic components that all evs, wh. Today, there are more than 21,000 different public electric vehicle charging locations. The central part of the motor is a cylinder called the armature or rotor.
An electric car carrying solar panels to power it is a solar car, and an electric car powered by a gasoline generator is a form of hybrid car. The academic course of machine design elements and assemblies a. All electric vehicles evs have an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine. Electricdrive vehicles alternative fuels data center energy. From electric motors to batteries, we take you through the anatomy of an electric. There has been a rapid increase in the sale of electric cars for the past few years. The motor has the toque to move our vehicle, is specifically made for electric vehicles, and has a dual shaft for accessory mounting. The electric motor is used to drive the cars wheels and, if two motors are used with one being placed on each axle, then electric cars can have fourwheel drive too. The rated power and traction data are enhanced by figures taken from our survey of 117 vehicle traction motor manufacturers 21. Most of the locomotives we see pulling trains are dieselelectric hybrids. Pdf power management in electric vehicle has been revolutionized since the old power.
The once forgotten battery operated cars have made a spectacular comeback and they are all over the. Overview of electric vehicle concept and power management strategies. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Drivers of other electric or pluginhybrid vehicles that use the j1772 plug e. An electric car is a car powered by an electric motor rather than a gasoline engine. Enel x provides a faster and smarter way to charge an electric vehicle. Get more information about hybrid electric vehicle pdf by visiting this link. Allelectric and plugin hybrid electric vehicles are charged by plugging the vehicle in to an electric power source. It has two fundamental characteristics that differentiate it from other fuel sources. A gasoline engine, with its fuel lines, exhaust pipes, coolant hoses and intake manifold, tends to look like a plumbing project. Electric vehicles can be classified as hybrids, plugin hybrids, and allelectric vehicles. But, the initial cost for an electric car will be very high. Understanding how an electric vehicle works is actually much simpler than understanding how a gas or dieselpowered car.
When the driver steps on the brake pedal of an electric or hybrid vehicle, these types of brakes put the vehicle s electric motor into reverse mode, causing it to run backwards, thus slowing the cars wheels. The dynamic d and qaxis stator voltage equations as functions of the d and qaxis. We teslaphiles are familiar with the cool attributes of electric vehicles the instant torque, the greater efficiency, the regenerative braking but how many of us really understand how all that stuff works. Once the battery has sufficient energy stored, the vehicle is ready to use. From the outside, you would probably have no idea that a car is electric. Electric vehicle heating and cooling automotive iq. Feb 20, 2019 from electric motors to batteries, we take you through the anatomy of an electric car, and explain how it works. These charging stations are vital to the success of electric vehicle technology in the united states as. Sep 30, 2017 an electric vehicle may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off vehicle sources, or may be selfcontained with a battery, solar panels or a generator to convert fuel to.
Views, findings and publications of iahev do not necessarily. Animated infographic of how an electric vehicle works. How and why electric vehicle contactors overcome damaging. If it automatically stopsstarts the engine in stopandgo traffic uses regenerative braking and operates above 60 volts uses an electric motor to assist a combustion engine can drive at times using only the electric motor recharges batteries from a wall outlet for extended all electric range. Pdf motor vehicle mechanic free ebooks download free. When the driver steps on the brake pedal of an electric or hybrid vehicle, these types of brakes. Here we are presenting a document electric vehicle pdf that explains the basics of electric vehicles. These charging stations are vital to the success of electric vehicle technology in the united states as they allow electric car owners to travel and recharge their vehicles just as owners of gasolinepowered cars can fill up at the gas station. Electric vehicles and emergency response page 7 electricity is one of the most common and widely used forms of energy. Electric vehicles evs are still cars, and anyone who has driven an automatic vehicle will feel immediately at home behind. In most cases, electric cars are created by converting a gasolinepowered car, and in that case it is impossible to tell.
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